The Sultanate of Oman

Geographical Location:

The Sultanate of Oman is located in the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates to the north, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the south. It overlooks the Arabian Sea to the east and the Gulf of Oman to the northeast. The total area is approximately 309,500 square kilometers.

Population:

Oman has a population of about 5 million people. Omanis make up the majority, alongside a significant number of expatriates from Asian and Arab countries. Muscat, the capital, is the largest city and the political and economic center.

Political System:

Oman is a hereditary sultanate, led by Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said since January 2020. The country does not have political parties. Instead, it follows a consultative system through the Council of Oman, which consists of the State Council and the Shura Council.

History:

Oman has an ancient history dating back thousands of years. It has been a major trading hub connecting East and West. Oman was known for its maritime strength and once built an empire that extended along the East African coast and into India. The country has a long tradition of independence and resisted foreign domination for centuries.

Economy:

Oman's economy relies heavily on oil and gas. However, the government is actively working to diversify through "Vision 2040", focusing on tourism, industry, technology, and education. Oman’s location along global shipping lanes adds strategic economic value.

Culture:

Omani culture is rich and diverse, influenced by Arab, Islamic, and maritime traditions. It is known for traditional music like "Al-Ayyala", traditional clothing such as the dishdasha, and foods like grilled meat, shuwa, and harees. Omani crafts include dagger-making, pottery, and boat-building.

Tourism:

Oman is an emerging tourist destination offering a mix of mountains, wadis, deserts, beaches, and historical sites. Notable places include:

• Nizwa: An old interior capital known for its fort and souq.
• Jebel Akhdar: A natural resort in the Al Hajar Mountains.
• Wahiba Sands: A golden desert perfect for camping and Bedouin experiences.
• Wadi Shab & Wadi Bani Khalid: Famous for clear waters and scenic landscapes.
• Dimaniyat Islands: A marine reserve rich in coral reefs.

Environment and Climate:

Oman has a desert climate—hot summers and mild winters—with climatic diversity in mountainous areas. It emphasizes environmental conservation through natural reserves and sustainability efforts.

Infrastructure:

Oman has made significant infrastructure progress with modern airports, highways, and seaports such as Sohar and Duqm. It also aims for digital transformation in public services.

Religion and Language:

Islam is the official religion, with the Ibadi sect being the majority. Arabic is the official language, while English is widely spoken in business and education.